Microbiology Syllabus 2019 - 2020



MARIS STELLA (AUTONOMOUS) COLLEGE,VIJAYAWADA-8
AFFILIATED TO KRISHNA UNIVERSITY
I.BSc. MICROBIOLOGY
PAPER-I    SEMESTER-I (MIBCOO1)
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

Total Teaching Hours 60 @4 hours per week.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Able to understand historical discoveries in microbiology
CO2: Knowledgeable about microorganisms using additional OE resources available in the internet using modern ICT tools
CO3: Understand various isolation and preservation techniques of micro organisms.
CO4: Describe the constructive role of natural ecology of microorganisms and living organisms in the Global Environment


UNIT –I                                                                                                                       Hours :14

History and mile stones in microbiology
Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek ,EdwardJenner,LouisPastuer, Robert Koch,Ivanowsky.
Importance and Applications of Microbiology.
Classification of microorganisms-Haeckel’s three kingdom concept,Whittaker’s five kingdom concept,three domain concept of Carl  Woese.
Outline classification of bacteria as per the second edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

UNIT –II                                                                                                                     Hours  :14

General chacteristics of Bacteria, Archaea,Mycoplasmas and Cyanobacteria.
Ultra Stucture of Prokaryotic cell- variant components and invariant components.
General characteristics of viruses.
Morphology ,Structure and replication of TMV and HIV.
General characteristics and outline classification of Fungi ,Algae and Protozoa

UNIT –III                                                                                                                    Hours :18

Principles of microscopy –Bright field and Electron microscopy ( SEM  and  TEM ).
Staining Techniques –Simple and Differential (Gram Staining and Spore Staining).
Sterilisation and disinfection techniques-Physical methods –Autoclave,Hot air –oven,pressurecooker,Laminar air flow,Filtersterilisation,Radiation Methods –UV rays ,Gamma rays.
Chemical methods –alcohols ,aldehydes,fumigants,phenols,halogens and hypochlorites.


UNIT:IV                                                                                                                     Hours :14

Isolation of Microorganisms from natural habitats.              
Pure culture techniques- dilution –plating ,steak- plate,spread-plate, pour –plate an d micromanipulator ,enrichment culturing.
Preservation of microbial cultures – sub culturing ,overlaying cultures with mineral oils,lyophilisation,sand cultures ,storage at low temperature.





MARIS STELLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), VIJAYAWADA -8
I B.SC-MICROBIOLOGY
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS  (MIBCOO2)
PAPER I       SEMISTER I
INTRODUCTION OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
Total hours of laboratory exercises 45 hrs @3 per week

CO1: Explain different staining techniques and Media preparations using additional OE resources available in the internet using modern ICT tools.
 CO2:Understand about morphological features of various microorganisms and the techniques of observation using microscopes and demonstratedocumentation skills.

 1.   Microbiology  Good Laboratory practices and Biosafety
2.   Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria.
 3.   Preparation of culture media for cultivation of fungi.
 4.   Sterilisation of medium using Autoclave.
 5.   Sterilisation of glassware using Hot Air Oven .
       6.  Light compound microscope and its handling.
       7.  Microscopic observation of becteria (Gram +ve bacilli and cocci
,Gram –ve  bacilli),cyanobacteria,Algae and Fungi.
       8.  Simple Staining
 9.  Gram’s Staining.
      10.  Hanging –drop method.
      11.  Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method.
      12.  Preservation of bacterial cultures by various techniques.
      13.  Diagramatic  or Electron photomicroscopic observation of TMV ,HIV,
T4  Phage and Adenovirus.


SUGGESTED READINGS:
Alexopoulos, C.J ,Mims ,C.W ,and Blackwell,M.(1996).Introductory Mycology ,Wiley,New York.
Atlas, R.A ,andBhartha,R.(2000).Microbial Ecology.Fundamentals  and Applications ,Benjamin cummings,New York.
Dimmock, N.J ,Easton , A.J and Leppard,K.N . (2001).Intoduction to Modern Virology,Blackwell Science Ltd, U.K.
Dube ,R.C.andMaheswari ,D.K.(2000) General Microbiology.S.Chand ,New Delhi.Himalaya Publishing housing ,Mumbai.
Frobisher,H,Hinsdill,R.D ,Crabtree,K.T,andGoodhert,D.R.(2005).Fundamentals of Microbiology,Saunder and company,London.
Jaya Babu (2006).Practical Manual on microbial Metabolism and General Microbiology ,Kalyani Publishers ,New Delhi.
Madigan ,M.T,Martinkl,J.M, and Praker,J,(2010),Brock Biology of Microoraganisma,9th Edition ,MacMillan Press ,England.
Moore.Landecker, E. (1996),Fundamentals of Fungi ,prentice –Hall,NJ,USA.






MARIS STELLA(AUTONOMOUS)COLLEGE,VIJAYAWADA-8
AFFILIATED TO KRISHNA UNIVERSITY
I B. Sc –MICROBIOLOGY  (MIBCOO3)

FIRST YEAR    -  SEMESTER-II

MICROBIAL  BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM

Total Teaching Hours 60 @4 hours per week.


COURSE  OUTCOMES:

CO1: Know about types of biomolecules and their functions in daily life.
CO2: Understand microbial biochemistry and metabolism and apply this knowledge in various bio-chemical analysis using additional OE resources
available in the internet using modern ICT tools.
CO3: Analyze the classical concepts of Enzymology.
CO4: Apply this knowledge for the growth and development of microorganisms.

UNIT –I                                                                                                                          Hours :14

Outline classification and general characteristics of carbohydrates (monosaccharides,disaccharides and polysaccharides).
General characteristics of aminoacids and proteins.
Structure of nitrogenous babes,nucleotides,nucleic acids.
Fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated).
Lipids (spingolipids ,sterols and phospholipids).


UNIT –II                                                                                                                         Hours:14

Principle and applications of-
Colorimetry
Chromatography (Paper,Thin-layer and Column),
Spectrophotometry (UV and Visible),
Centrifugation and
Gel Electrophoresis

UNIT- III                                                                                                                        Hours:12

Properties and Classification of Enzymes.Biocatalysis- Induced fit and Lock and Key Models.Coenzymes and Cofactors.Factors affecting catalytic activity.Inhibition of enzyme activity – Competitive ,Noncompetitive, Uncompetitive and allosteric.
UNIT-IV A                                                                                                 Hours :10

Microbial Nutrition –Nutritional requirements and uptake of nutrients by cells.
Nutritional groups of MicroorganismAutotrophs,Heterotrophs,Mixotrophs.
Growth Media –Synthetic ,Complex,Selective,Enrichment and Differential
Microbial Growth-Different phases of growth in Batch Cultures ,Synchronous ,Continous ,Biphasic growth.
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth.
Methods for measuring microbial growth- Direct Microscopy,Viable count estimates.Turbidometry and Biomass.


UNIT –IV  B                                                                                              Hours :10

Aerobic Respiration – Glycolysis, HMP Pathway, TCA Cycle, Electron transport .Oxidative and Substrate Level Phosphorylation .
Anaerobic Respiration (Nitrate).
Fermentation- Alochol and Lactic acid Fermentation.
Outlines  of oxygenic and Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Bacteria.









MARIS STELLA(AUTONOMOUS)COLLEGE,VIJAYAWADA-8
AFFILIATED TO KRISHNA UNIVERSITY
I BSC  MICROBIOLOGY (MIBCOO4)
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS    PAPER II  SEMESTER II
MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
Total hours of laboratory exercises 45 hrs @3 per week
TOTAL HOURS :48

CO1: Explain the concepts of Enzymology and bio-chemical analysis using additional OE resources available in the internet using modern ICT tools.
CO2: Estimate the content of proteins and Nucleic acids and able to Analyze various growth factors.

1. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates .
2. Qualitative Analysis of Aminoacids .
3. Colometric estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method.
4. Colometric estimation of proteins by Biuret /Lowry method .
5.  Paper Chromatographic separation of sugars and aminoacids .
6. Preparation of different media-Synthetic and complex Media.
7. Setting and Observation of Winogradsky column.
8. Estimation of CFU count by Spread Plate method /pour plate method.
9. Bacterial Growth Curve.
10. Factors affecting bacterial growth-PH.
11. Factors affecting bacterial  growth –Temperature.
12. Factors affecting bacterial growth –Salts .




SUGGESTED  READING:
Berg JM,Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry ,W.H Freeman and Company .
Caldwell,D.R (1995).Microbial Physiology and Metabolism ,W.C Brown Publications ,Lowa ,USA.
Campbell,PN and Smith AD(2011) BoichemistryIIIustated ,4thed…,Published by  Churchill Livingstone
Elliot ,W.H . and Elliot ,D.C (2011).Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,2nd edition ,Oxford University Press ,U.S.A.
Gottschalk,G.(1986).Bacterial Metabolism ,Springer Verlag ,New York .
Lehninger ,A.L,Nelson ,D.L,andCox,M.M.(1993).Principles of Biochemistry ,2nd  edition ,CBS Publishers and Distributors ,New Delhi.
Madigan /M.T ,Martnikl,J.M  and Parker ,J.(2010).Brock Biology of Microorganisms ,9th  edition ,Macmillan Press ,England.









B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY  SYLLABUS
SECOND YEAR – SEMESTER- III

MBT- 301 MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS:48                                                                                                                                    CREDITS: 4
Course outcomes:
CO1: Understand about various genetic elements
CO2: Know about various molecular concepts in microbiology

UNIT-I                                                                                                               No. of hours: 10

DNA and RNA as genetic material.
Structure and organization of prokaryotic DNA.
Extrachromosomal genetic elements – Plasmids and transposons.
Replication of DNA – Semi conservative mechanism, Enzymes involved in replication.

UNIT-II                                                                                                             No. of hours: 10

Mutations – spontaneous and induced, base pair changes, frame shifts, deletions, inversions, tandem duplications, insertions.
 Mutagens - Physical and Chemical mutagens.
Outlines of DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
Genetic recombination in bacteria – Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction.

UNIT-III                                                                                                           No. of hours: 10

Concept of gene – Muton, Recon and Cistron. One gene one enzyme and one gene one polypeptide hypotheses.
Types of RNA and their functions.
Genetic code. 
Structure of ribosomes.

UNIT-IV                                                                                                               No. of hours: 8

Types of genes – structural, constitutive, regulatory   
Protein synthesis – Transcription and translation.
Regulation of gene expression in bacteria – lac operon.

UNIT-V                                                                                                              No. of hours: 10
Basic principles of genetic engineering.
Restriction endonucleases, DNA polymerases and ligases.
Vectors.
Outlines of gene cloning methods.
Polymerase chain reaction. Genomic and cDNA libraries.
General account on application of genetic engineering in industry, agriculture and medicine.





MBP- 301 MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 48                                                                                                 CREDITS: 2
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1:Understand about the isolation of genetic elements.
Co2: Know about various characteristical process and their micro process.
1.                  Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model / schematic   representations
2.                  Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic representations
3.                  Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli
4.                  Estimation of  DNA using  UV spectrophotometer.
5. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
6. Resolution and visualization of proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
7.Problems related to DNA and RNA characteristics, Transcription and Translation.

SUGGESTED READING
Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. (2000). Biotechnology: A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology, PrenticeHall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1990). Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1997). Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Glazer, A.N. and Nikaido, H. (1995). Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology, W.H. Freeman and company, New York.

Glick, B.P. and Pasternack, J. (1998). Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press, Washington D.C., USA.

Kannan, N. (2003). Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias, Reagents, Stains and Buffers. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VIII. Oxford University Press, England

Maloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. and Freifelder, D. (1994). Microbial Genetics, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London.

Nicholl, D.S.T. (2004). An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2 nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, London.

Old, R.W. and Primrose, S.B. (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell Science


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
SECOND YEAR – SEMESTER- IV

MBT- 401  IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 48                                                                                                                                     CREDITS: 4
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand various cells and types immune proess that helps to keep immunity in a organism
CO2: Know about various types of bacterial fungal and viral diseases.
UNIT-I                                                                                                                No. of hours: 10

Types of immunity – innate and acquired; active and passive; humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
Primary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus, bursa fabricus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes.
Cells of immune system.
Identiification and function of B and T lymphocytes, null cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.

UNIT-II                                                                                                              No. of hours: 10

Antigens – types, chemical nature, antigenic determinants, haptens.
 Factors affecting antigenicity.
Antibodies – basic structure, types, properties and functions of immunoglobulins.
Types of antigen-antibody reactions - Agglutinations, Precipitation, Neutralization, complement fixation,  blood groups.
 Labeled antibody based techniques – ELISA, RIA and Immunofluroscence. Polyclonal  and  monoclonal antibodies – production and applications.
Concept of  hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity.

UNIT-III                                                                                                              No. of hours: 10

Normal flora of human body.
Host pathogen interactions: infection, invasion, pathogen, pathogenicity, virulence and opportunistic infection.
General account on nosocomial infection.
General principles of diagnostic microbiology- collection, transport and processing of clinical samples.
General methods of laboratory diagnosis - cultural, biochemical, serological and molecular methods.

UNIT-IV                                                                                                               No. of hours: 8

Antibacterial Agents-  Penicillin, Streptomycin and Tetracycline.
Antifungal agents – Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin Antiviral substances -  Amantadine and Acyclovir Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility. Brief account on antibiotic resistance in bacteria - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vaccines – Natural and recombinant. General account on  microbial diseases – causal organism, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control
Bacterial diseases – Tuberculosis and TyphoidFungal  diseases – Candidiasis.Protozoal diseases – Malaria.Viral Diseases - Hepatitis- A and AIDS.





MBP- 401 IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY


TOTAL HOURS: 48                                                                                   CREDITS: 2
           COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand various serological techniques
Co2: Know about about various stages and sympotms of a disease.

1.                  Identification of human blood groups.

2.                  Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).

3.                  Estimation of blood haemoglobin.

4.                  Total Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.

5.                  Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.

6.                  Immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method.

7.                  Identify bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus) using laboratory strains on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics:             IMViC, urease production and catalase tests
.
Isolation of bacterial flora of skin by swab method.

Antibacterial sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer method

8.                  Study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs: Anthrax,
Polio,  Herpes, chicken pox, HPV warts,  Dermatomycoses (ring worms)

9.                  Study of various stages of malarial parasite in RBCs using permanent mounts.


SUGGESTED READING
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 6th edition Saunders Publication, Philadelphia.

Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th
edition, University Press Publication

Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013)
Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill
  Publication
Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitt’s Essential Immunology.11th edition Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.

Goering R., Dockrell H., Zuckerman M. and Wakelin D. (2007) Mims’ Medical
Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier





B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
THIRD YEAR – SEMESTER- V

MBT- 501 ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                                               CREDITS: 3
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Able to know about various environmental aspects in our surroundings.
CO2:Understand the role of microorganisms in varius treatment process of water purification.
CO3:Knowleadgeble about various terrestrial,Aquatic and extreme habitat of microorganisms.

UNIT - I                                                                                                                                         No. of hours: 8

Terrestrial Environment: Soil profile and soil microflora
Aquatic Environment: Microflora of fresh water and marine habitats
Atmosphere: Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
Extreme Habitats: Extremophiles: Microbes thriving at high & low temperatures, pH, high hydrostatic & osmotic pressures, salinity, & low nutrient levels.

UNIT – II                                                                                                                                     No. of hours: 8

Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling (Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus).
Treatment and safety of drinking (potable) water, methods to detect potability of water samples: (a) standard qualitative procedure: presumptive test/MPN test, confirmed and completed tests for faecal coliforms (b) Membrane filter technique.Microbial interactions – mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, competition, parasitism, predation.

UNIT – III                                                                                                                       No. of hours: 6

Outlines of Solid Waste management: Sources and types of solid waste, Methods of solid waste disposal (composting and sanitary landfill).
 Liquid waste management: Composition and strength of sewage (BOD and COD), Primary, secondary (oxidation ponds, trickling filter, activated sludge process and septic tank) and tertiary sewage treatment.

UNIT – IV                                                                                                                     No. of hours: 14

Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms - Mycorrhizae, Rhizobia, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Frankia, phosphate-solubilizers and Cyanobacteria.
Outlines of biological nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, non-symbiotic). 
Biofertilizers -  Rhizobium.
Concept of disease in plants.  Symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses.  Plant diseases - groundnut rust, Citrus canker and tomato leaf curl.
Principles of plant disease control. 
           








MBP- 501 ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                           CREDITS: 2
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand the various flora of microorganisms
CO2: Know about varioud Isolaation techniques of Microorganisms.

1.  Analysis of soil – pH, Moisture content and water holding capacity.
2.  Isolation of microbes (bacteria and fungi) from soil.
3.  Study of air flora by petriplate exposure method.
4.  Analysis of potable water: SPC, Presumptive, confirmed and completed test, determination of coliform    
     count in water by MPN.
5.  Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of waste water samples.
6.  Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.
7.  Staining and observation of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi.
8.  Observation  of plant diseases of local importance - Citrus canker,  Tikka disease of 
     Groundnut, Bhendi yellow vein mosaic, Rusts, Smuts, Powdery mildews, Tomato leaf   
     curl.

 SUGGESTED READINGS

Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications. 4th edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA

Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley Blackwell, USA

Campbell RE. (1983). Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, England.

Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiology: An Exploratory Approach. Delmar Thomson Learning.

Lynch JM & Hobbie JE. (1988). Microorganisms in Action: Concepts & Application in Microbial Ecology.  Blackwell Scientific Publication, U.K.

Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2014). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 14th edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings

Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009).  Environmental Microbiology. 2nd edition, Academic Press

Martin A. (1977). An Introduction to Soil Microbiology. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York & London.

Okafor, N (2011). Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic & Waste systems. 1st edition, Springer, New York.

Singh A, Kuhad, RC & Ward OP (2009). Advances in Applied Bioremediation. Volume 17, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hedeilberg
                         


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
THIRD YEAR – SEMESTER- VII

MBT- 601 FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                            CREDITS: 3
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand various food borne diseases occurred by microorganisms
CO2: Know about various production process of food poducts.
CO3: Acquire knowledge about various preservation processes

UNIT- I                                                                                                                            No. of hours: 8

Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbial growth in food
Microbial spoilage of food - fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, egg, bread and canned foods
Food intoxication (botulism).
Food-borne diseases (salmonellosis) and their detection.

UNIT – II                                                                                                                           No. of hours: 7

Principles of food preservation - Physical and chemical methods.
Fermented Dairy foods – cheese and yogurt.
Microorganisms as food – SCP, edible mushrooms (white button, oyster and paddy straw). Probiotics and their benefits.

UNIT – III                                                                                                                          No. of hours: 6

Microorganisms of industrial importance – yeasts, moulds, bacteria, actinomycetes. 
Isolation and Screening of industrially-important microorganisms.
Outlines of strain improvement.

UNIT – IV                                                                                                                     No. of hours: 15

Types of fermentation processes – solid state, liquid state, batch, fed-batch, continuous.
Design of fermenter.
Ingredients of Fermentation media
Downstream processing - filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction.
Microbial production of Industrial products - Citric acid, Ethanol, amylases, penicillin, glutamic acid and vitamin B12.









MBP- 601 FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 36
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand various isolations of microorganisms in food products
CO2: Know about various microbial fermentation processes                                              CREDITS: 2

1. Isolation of bacteria and fungi from spoiled bread/fruits/vegetables
2. Preparation of Yogurt/Dahi
3. Determination of the microbiological quality of milk sample by MBRT
4. Isolation of antagonistic microorganisms by crowded plate technique
5. Design of  Fermenter
6. Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of ethanol from Grapes.
7. Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of citric acid.

SUGGESTED READING

Adams MR and Moss MO. (1995). Food Microbiology. 4th edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India.

Banwart JM. (1987). Basic Food Microbiology. 1st edition. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India.

Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.

Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd Edition. Panima Publishing Company, New Delhi

Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. (1992). Food Microbiology. 3rd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, India.

Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology. 7th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India

Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology .1st Edition. MacMillan India Limited Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, India

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.

Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008).  Microbiology: An introduction. 9th Edition. Pearson Education

Willey JM, Sherwood LM AND Woolverton CJ (2013), Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology. 9th Edition. McGraw Hill Higher education




MBP- 701 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                      CREDITS: 2
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand various immobilization techniques
CO2: Know anout production and study of various proteins

1. Yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels
2.  Enzyme immobilization by sodium alginate method

3.  Pigment production from fungi (Trichoderma / Aspergillus / Penicillium)

4.  Isolation of xylanase or lipase producing bacteria

5.  Study of algal Single Cell Proteins

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnology: A text Book of Industrial Microbiology 2nd edition Sinauer associates, Inc.

Demain, A. L and Davies, J. E. (1999). Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, ASM Press.

Glazer AN and Nikaido H (2007) Microbial Biotechnology, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press

Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and Patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition, ASM Press

Gupta PK (2009) Elements of Biotechnology 2nd edition, Rastogi Publications

Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ (2014), 9th edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

Ratledge, C and Kristiansen, B. (2001). Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press.

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ (1995) Principles of Fermentation Technology 2n






B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
THIRD YEAR – SEMESTER -VIA

MBT- 801 MICROBIAL DIAGNOSIS IN HEALTH CLINICS

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                                CREDITS: 3
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand about various diseases of Human body system
CO2: Know about collection of various clinical samples andhow to diagnose itin a microbilogical laboratory

UNIT- I                                                                                                                         No. of hours: 8

Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Protozoan Diseases of various human body systems, Disease associated clinical samples for diagnosis.

UNIT- II                                                                                                           No. of hours: 8

Collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin, blood, CSF, urine and faeces) and precautions required.
Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage.

UNIT- III                                                                                                          No. of hours: 8

Examination of sample by staining - Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelson staining for tuberculosis, Giemsa-stained thin blood film for malaria

Preparation and use of culture media - Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein-Jensen medium, MacConkey agar, Distinct colony properties of various bacterial pathogens.

UNIT- IV                                                                                                          No. of hours: 12

Serological Methods - Agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Nucleic acid based methods - PCR, Nucleic acid probes.      
Typhoid, Dengue and HIV, Swine flu.
Importance, Determination of resistance/sensitivity of bacteria using disc diffusion method, Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial double dilution method



                                                                                                                


                                                                  



MBP- 801 MICROBIAL DIAGNOSIS IN HEALTH CLINICS
TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                     CREDITS: 2
COURSE OUTCOMES :
CO1: Understand processing of clinical samoples
CO2: Know about various morphological and preservation process

1.      Collection transport and processing of clinical specimens (Blood, Urine, Stool and Sputum).
Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens.
2.   Isolation of bacteria in pure culture and Antibiotic sensitivity.
3.  Identification of common bacteria by studying their morphology, cultural character, Biochemical reactions, slide agglutination and other tests.
4.  Maintenance and preservation of stock culture.

SUGGESTED READING

Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of Microbiology, 8th edition, Universities Press Private Ltd.

Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013) Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill Publication

Collee JG, Fraser, AG, Marmion, BP, Simmons A (2007) Mackie and Mccartney Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th edition, Elsevier.

Randhawa, VS, Mehta G and Sharma KB (2009) Practicals and Viva in Medical Microbiology 2nd edition, Elsevier India Pvt Ltd

Tille P (2013) Bailey’s and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th edition, Mosby






             B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
THIRD YEAR – SEMESTER- VIIIA

MBT- 802 MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                CREDITS: 3
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Uderstand good laboratory peactices to be followed in a microbiological laboratory
CO2: Know about various quality controlling process of different products.


UNIT – I                                                                                                           No. of Hours: 8

Good laboratory practices - Good microbiological practices.
Biosafety cabinets – Working of biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3.
Discarding biohazardous waste – Methodology of Disinfection, Autoclaving & Incineration

UNIT – II                                                                                                           No. of Hours: 8

Culture and microscopic methods - Standard plate count, Most probable numbers, Direct microscopic counts, Biochemical and immunological methods: Limulus lysate test for endotoxin, gel diffusion, sterility testing for pharmaceutical products

UNIT – III                                                                                                        No. of Hours: 8

Molecular methods - Nucleic acid probes, PCR based detection, biosensors.

UNIT – IV                                                                                                       No. of Hours: 12

Enrichment culture technique, Detection of specific microorganisms - on XLD agar, Salmonella Shigella Agar, Manitol salt agar, EMB agar, McConkey Agar, Saboraud Agar
Ascertaining microbial quality of milk by MBRT, Rapid detection methods of microbiological quality of milk at milk collection centres (COB, 10 min Resazurin assay).
Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles, flow diagrams, limitationsMicrobial Standards for Different Foods and Water – BIS standards for common foods and drinking water.





   MBP- 801 MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                            CREDITS: 2
COURSE  OUTCOMES:
Co1: Understand various sterility test to be done for the identification of a microorganism
CO2: Know about various sterility tests for instruments.
1. Microbiological laboratory safety- General rules & Regulations.
2. Sterility tests for Instruments – Autoclave & Hot Air Oven
 3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments
4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis.
5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media
6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products –Antibiotics, Vaccines & fluids
 7. Standard qualitative analysis of water.
8. Quantitative analysis of water – Membrane filter method
9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins

SUGGESTED READING
Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP (2005) Handbook of Microbiological Quality control in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Taylor and Francis Inc.

Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory Manual of Food Microbiology I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd ed. Academic Press

Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food Microbiology, 7th edition. Springer

Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, George.A.Wistreich & Max.D.Lechtman, 3 rd Ed, Glencoe press, London.
Manual of diagnostic microbiology, Dr.B.J.Wadher & Dr.G.L.Bhoosreddy, Firs.Ed., Himalaya publishing house, Nagpur.
Microbiology - A laboratory manual, Cappuccino & Sherman , 6 th Ed, Pearson Education
Pharmaceutical Microbiology – Purohit




B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS
THIRD YEAR – SEMISTER-VIIIB
MBT- 803 BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES
TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                                                                      CREDITS: 3
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand about various applications of biofertilizers and pesticides
CO2: Know about varius important plant microbes
UNIT – I                                                                                                              No of Hours: 10
General account of the microbes used as biofertilizers for various crop plants and their advantages over chemical fertilizers.
Symbiotic N2 fixers: Rhizobium - Isolation, characteristics, types, inoculum production and field application, legume/pulses plants
Frankia  from non-legumes and characterization.
Cyanobacteria from Azolla, characterization, mass multiplication, Role in rice cultivation, Crop response, field application.
UNIT – II                                                                                                              No of Hours: 6
Free living Azospirillum, Azotobacter - isolation, characteristics, mass inoculum production and field application.
UNIT – III                                                                                                           No of Hours: 6
Phosphate solubilizing microbes - Isolation, characterization, mass inoculum production, field application
UNIT – IV                                                                                                           No of Hours: 14
Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated plants, Mass inoculum production of VAM, field applications of Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.
General account of microbes used as bioinsecticides and their advantages over synthetic pesticides. Bacillus thuringiensis - production, Field applications.
Viruses – NPV cultivation and field applications.

                       MBP- 803 BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES

TOTAL HOURS: 36                                                                                  CREDITS: 2
COUIRSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand isolation process of pvarious plant microbes
CO2; Know about various staining methods of plant microbes
1.  Isolation of  Rhizobium  from root nodules.

3. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

 4. Staining and observation of VAM

3. A visit to biofertilizer  production unit.
   

SUGGESTED READINGS
Agarwal SK (2005) Advanced Environmental Biotechnology, APH publication.
Kannaiyan, S. (2003). Bioetchnology of Biofertilizers, CHIPS, Texas.
Mahendra K. Rai (2005). Hand book of Microbial biofertilizers, The Haworth Press, Inc. New York.
Reddy, S.M. et. al. (2002). Bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and forestry, Scientific Publishers.
Saleem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG
Subba Rao N.S (1995) Soil microorganisms and plant growth Oxford and IBH publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.




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